Historical Figurs of Nursing

Historical Figures of Nursing Whenever people mention or think of the history of nursing or nursing education many instantly think of Florence Nightingale or Clara Barton. Granted, Florence deserves credit for the advancements she made in nursing, but nursing goes back further than Florence Nightingale. One nurse, that little is known about is James Derham. James was born into slavery in approximately 1762, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. James was known to be owned by three different individuals, all of whom were doctors, one in Philadelphia, a British army surgeon, and a New Orleans physician (Hansen, A. 002). In the 18th century it was common for nursing education to be obtained through an apprenticeship, which is exactly how Derham became a nurse, assisting all three of his masters and learning from them. One of his masters, Dr. Robert Dove of New Orleans, encouraged Derham's interest in medicine. James worked as a nurse and purchased his freedom in 1783 (Wikipedia). After purchas ing his freedom, Dr. Derham opened a medical practice in New Orleans, by age 26 his annual earrings exceeded $3,000. 00 (Cobb, W. 1963). Dr. James Derham is the first African-American to formally practice medicine in the United States, although he never received a medical degree (Nursetini, 2009). Dr. Derham was known to speak English, French and Spanish. Dr. Derham returned to Philadelphia where he specialized in throat diseases and diseases related to climate (Wikipedia). Dr. Benjamin Rush, the father of American medicine, spoke with Dr. Derham and had the following to say â€Å"I have conversed with him upon most of the acute and epidemic diseases of the country where he lives. I expected to have suggested some new medicines to him, but he suggested many more to me. He is very modest and engaging in his manners. He speaks French fluently, and has some knowledge of Spanish† (Bennett, L. 1970). Derham disappeared around 1802, fate unknown (Nursetini). In 1960 New Orleans established the James Derham Middle School (now Junior High School) in his honor (Nursetini). Dr. James Derham demonstrated through his dedication to his profession what individuals can achieve with hard work. He overcame several barriers during his career, such as slavery and lack of a formal education, to become recognized as a professional who contributed to healthcare and the treatment of patients. Another individual who has contributed significantly to the advancement of nursing is Margaret Sanger, birth control pioneer (Wardell, D). Margaret was born in 1879 in Corning, N. Y. , one of eleven children of Irish immigrants. Margaret’s mother had 18 pregnancies, becoming weaker and sicker with each one, dying in her 40’s. Margaret’s goal was to become a doctor and to help individuals like her mother. Unfortunately there wasn’t any money for Margaret to go to medical school, but two of her sisters supported her education finically to become a nurse. Margaret was an OB Nurse working mostly in the East-Side/Lower East Side of New York City where she frequently received calls to help and tend to lower income women following self-induced abortions. The tragic case of Sadie Sachs is a well-known moment in the Sanger â€Å"saga. † As Sanger herself saw it, the Sachs case marked the turning point of her life and the beginning of the U. S. birth control movement (Wardell, D. 1980). Sadie Sachs was a 28 year old woman, mother of three children who called out for help following a self-induced abortion and had blood poisoning. Margaret stayed by Sadie’s bedside for three weeks, nonstop, until the crisis was over and Margaret’s 24/7 care was no longer needed. Margaret was present, when Sadie asked the physician caring for her, how to prevent another pregnancy. The physician told Sadie to have her husband sleep on the roof. Three months later, Margaret was called again to Sadie’s home, for the same reason. Ten minutes after Margaret’s arrival Sadie died. Margaret made her decision: â€Å"It was the dawn of a new day in my life†¦I knew I could not go back merely to keeping people alive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wardell, D. 980). Margaret Sanger dedicated her career to educating women on birth control and contraception prevention. Sanger had significant barriers to overcome, including governmental law, which cited birth control information to be a crime, and lack of physician education on birth control and physician willingness to learn about birth control and their unwillingness to chal lenge the law. Margaret remained dedicated to her commitment and established the first U. S. birth control clinic in 1916 in Brooklyn, N. Y. , which was staffed by Sanger and her sister, both nurses. The clinic was illegal and was raided by the NY city police. Margaret and her sister were arrested, Margaret served her time in prison, and Margaret’s sister served her time in a workhouse. Sanger eventually hired a physician, Dr. Hannah Stone, to staff her clinic and direct the new Clinical Research Bureau. Dr. Stone quickly became respected by her peers for her â€Å"competent care and eloquent statics† (Wardell, D. 1980). Again the clinic was raided, during the raid the police confiscated patient charts and private patient information, and this action finally got the attention, dissatisfaction and support of physicians. A key to Margaret’s continued success with the clinic was her marriage to J. Noah Slee, who was the president of Three-in-One Oil Company. Slee not only supported Sanger finically, but shipped diaphragms from Germany to his Canadian factory and then smuggled the diaphragms into the U. S, in Three-in-One Oil boxes. Margaret published pamphlets and gave lectures on birth control throughout her career while trying to establish her clinic, all to educate women and to help prevent unwanted pregnancies, allowing women to make wise health decisions for them. Margaret Sanger’s clinics remain in existence today, â€Å"Planned Parenthood. † Margaret took a personal experience of what she saw in the care of her patient and dedicated her life’s work to educating patients, helping them to make safe health decisions and safe health practices, not seeking back alley care or help. Margaret was instrumental in developing the practices and availability of services that the majority of women in the U. S. take for granted currently.

Education in Saudi Arabia and the United States of America Essay

Education continues to be the priority of all nations around the world. Countries devote vast resources to ensure equal opportunity to study for their people. In return, the educated segment of the population becomes the wealth of these nations and will more likely meet the social and economic demands of the country. The educational systems are continuously developed to meet not just the local but also the global demands and challenges. It is more appropriate to look at the disparity on the education sector of one country to another in order to determine what needs to be improved and developed in one’s educational system. This paper aims to provide an assessment on the similarities and differences of education in two countries, Saudi Arabia and the United States of America (USA). The education in Saudi Arabia and the USA are similar in terms of government spending on education, freedom to choose the school where they will attend to, and education for people with special needs, while differ in terms of attitude towards education, literacy rate, religion in school, gender roles, grading scales, and stages of education. Both the Saudi Arabia and USA government spend immense resources on the education sector. The Saudi Arabia government’s increased awareness on the importance of education to its people paved way to its provision of bountiful support to education. Like the USA government, the Saudi Arabia government finance general education for both boys and girls. It also provides free post-secondary education and offers financial help to students. At cases, meals, books, and transportation are subsidized. In the same way, the USA government offers free general and post-secondary education for all financed by the government. In both countries, students are also allowed to choose what school they will attend to. They have the options to enroll in public, private, or home school. Most of the parents prefer to send their children in public school practically because they are much â€Å"free† from burden. There were also those who prefer private schools thinking that these schools might provide better, quality education to their children especially for those seeking a competitive edge in college admission. A few considers home schooling best for their children for reasons that they can effectively tailor a curriculum that would best suit their children’s academic strengths and weaknesses, especially those with disabilities. Aside from home schooling, those with disabilities may be sent to schools which will cater to their needs like schools for the blind, deaf, physically and mentally handicapped, among others (Education, 2005). The Saudi Arabia and USA governments have put on these schools to encourage individuals to their full potential and share social and emotional experiences with their peers having the same conditions as themselves. The curricula in the special classes given to the students were tailored fit to their needs. For instance, the educational programs given to the blind and deaf individuals were different. For sure, blind students were thought of using Braille while deaf students do not. One variation the Saudi Arabia and the USA government have is the attitude towards education. In the USA, school attendance is mandatory and nearly universal at primary and secondary levels. School districts meet to discuss school curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies to further improve the education in the state. On the other hand, in Saudi Arabia, the government does not impose mandatory attendance in school. Although, it is encouraged that the free primary and secondary education are availed since education is given free and open to every citizen. The literacy rate for the two countries presented, are varied. The USA literacy rate is estimated at 99% for both men and women, whereas, literacy rate in Saudi Arabia is estimated at only 84. 7% for men and 70. 8% for women (Literacy, 2007). The Saudi Arabia government recognizes the importance of literacy in propelling the economy; hence, one of its objectives for the education sector is to eradicate illiteracy especially among adults and girls through several literacy programs. In the USA, despite the high literacy rate, the government is continually implementing programs to further develop the education sector. Religion is the main core of education in Saudi Arabia. The curricula developed conform to the Shari’ah (Islamic holy law) and the Qur’an. Men were trained of Islamic education to become members of religious clergy. They provide religious secondary education with focus primarily on Islamic and Arabic studies, although, the curriculum also includes general education. The schools which administer these were Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University and the Islamic University of Medinah (Sedgwick, 2001). On the contrary, education in the USA is not focused on religion but there are some schools which may offer religion subjects that are not quite extensive as religion studies in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, education is segregated by sex. Education for boys is different from education for girls. Education is divided into three separately administered systems: general education for boys, education for girls and traditional Islamic education for boys (Sedgwick, 2001). However, in the recent years, education for girls was continuously being developed to meet the growing demands of the country. Unlike in the USA, education is offered to both sexes, giving them equal opportunity to study. The educational programs that were developed cater to both sexes. Grading scales were prepared to gauge the students’ performance on school. Grading scales in the USA and Saudi Arabia differ. In the USA, marks were given on the scale of A to F. In the criterion-referenced system, the equivalent grades of these to 0 to 100 percentile are as follows: A=95-100 or 90-100, B=85-95 or 80-90, C=75-85 or 70-80, D=65-75 or 60-70, and F is given to marks below 65 or 60. There is also the norm-referenced system where marks are given as follows: A=top 10% of the class, B=next 20% of the class, C=next 30% of the class, D=next 20% of the class, and bottom 20% of the class (Grading systems, n. d). On the contrary, the grading scale in Saudi Arabia was given as follows: 5=90-100, 4=80-89, 3=70-79, 2=60-69, and 1=0-59 (Sedgwick, 2001). The stages of education in both countries also vary. Education in Saudi Arabia starts with primary, followed by secondary, and higher education. Primary education is for ages 6 to 12. An intermediate education, which is part of primary education, is carried out for ages 12 to 15. Secondary education is divided into three: general, religious, and technical. These are taken by ages 15 to 18. The higher education is also divided into three stages: the baccaloreus (bachelor’s degree-4 years), darajat al majisteer (master’s degree – 2years), and doctoorah (doctorate– minimum of 3 years) (Sedgwick, 2001). On the other hand, education in the USA is composed of these stages: preschool (1 or 2 yrs), elementary/middle/high school (12 yrs), associate, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate degrees (Structure: General Information, n. . ). The differences in education in both countries mainly lie on their history, culture, social and economic conditions, whereas, the similarities were bought about by their desire to provide accessible, quality education free and open to all. Education stimulates the people to contribute to its country in addressing the increasing local and global demands. This motivates the countries to improve and further develop its educational system.

A Case Study Of Mental Health

A Case Study Of Mental Health Mental health has become a major global problem. It affects 450 million people and one in four of us will suffer from mental ill- health at some time in our lives (WHO, 2001). Mental Health is † used positively to indicate a state of psychological well- being, negatively to indicate its opposite ( as in ‘mental health problems’) or euphemistically to indicate facilities used by, or imposed upon , people with mental health problems ( as in ‘mental health services’). During the nineteenth century, all patients were certified under lunacy laws. That is, the State only made provisions for the control of madness. The fledgling profession of psychiatry ( this term was first used in Britain in 1858) was singularly preoccupied with segregating and managing lunatics . With the emergence of the First World War, soldiers began to break down with ‘shellshock’ now called ‘post – traumatic stress disorder’ . From this point on, psyc hiatry extended its jurisdiction from madness to versions of nervousness provoked by stress or trauma. In the twentieth century, more abnormal mental states came within its jurisdiction, such as those due to alcohol and drug abuse and personality problems. Today, ‘mental health services’ may be offered to, or be imposed upon, people with this wide range of problems, although madness or ‘severe mental illness’ still captures most of the attention of professionals .Another aspects of the term ‘mental health problems’ is that some people, critical of psychiatric terminology, object of scientific or logical grounds to notions like ‘mental illness’ or ‘mental disorder’. In the 1983 Act and equivalent Scottish legislation ‘ mental illness’ is not defined. However, Article 3(1) of the Northern Ireland Order does define it as ‘ a state of mind which affects a person’s thinking, perceiving, emotion or judgement to the extent that he requires care or medical treatment in his own interests of other persons’. Neither the Scottish nor Northern Ireland definitions include psychopathic disorder and there has recently been some discussion in the context of review of the Mental Health Act about removing it in England and Wales. Issues concerning mental health have been raised substantially in the consciousness of politicians, the media, and the public. Moreover, the ‘burden’ of mental disorder is regarded not just as a – if not the- principal cause of human misery, but as a significant impediment to social and economic growth. Measurement of the years of potential life lost and the years of productive life lost through mental ill- health could reach 15% of all diseases and deaths globally by 2020 (WHO, 1999). A further dimension of inequalities in the apparent scale of mental health problems is race. Race is controversial to define. Genetic distinctions between groups of humans ( other based on sex) have little empirical basis. Racial distinctions arose from anthropological investigations carried out by colonized indigenous people. However, because of colonization, the social identity of these people became real for them and others. In the United States black patients are overrepresented in mental institutions, and have become increasingly so over the postwar period. This has particularly been the case within state mental hospitals, where minority groups constitute 35 per cent of the hospital population, and are subject to higher rates of admission and readmission. In a review of eight epidemiological studies conducted in the United States between the late 1950’s and mid- 1970’s, Kessler and Neighbors (1986) found that among persons with low incomes black people exhibited significantly more distress than white people. They claimed, therefore, that race is an important independent variable in determining the likelihood of an individual becoming mentally ill. There is some dispute over what to make of this evidence. Cockerham (1990) maintains that the majority of studies on the incidence and distribution of mental health problems suggest that race is not an independent variable:†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ race alone does not appear to produce higher rates of mental disorder for particular groups’. Rather, it is because more black people are in the lower social cases that they tend to demonstrate more signs of mental distress. Others, however, disagree. Halpern (1993) argues that minority status can be demonstrated to result in a tendency towards psychiatric problems.

Successful Business Venturer Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Successful Business Venturer - Personal Statement Example foresightedness or vision as Silbiger suggests. To do this, one has to have a good grasp of the total environment both internal and external, where his/her business operates. Thus, one has to be a wide-reader and must be always abreast of the developments and changes around him to foresee and anticipate what is yet to come. He must realize that these changes would have an effect on his business one way or the other. Likewise, in any endeavor -- be it personal or professional -- commitment is very much important. Coupled with strong will and desire to do a particular task no matter what, is a sure key to success in business. Because through commitment, one gives not only his time and effort but the entire being of the person to ensure that a particular venture is accomplished. This in turn, develops trust from clients and co-members of the organization. Another characteristic needed is management skills of which communication and persuasion are very much related. Management and leadership studies always underscore the importance of clear and respectful communication within business organizations. Persuasion that is achieved through effective communication is important for businesses in dealing with their clients/customers as well. I believe all these three traits are present in me.

Econ 4020 reaction 10 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ 4020 reaction 10 - Term Paper Example In addition, the article published by the New York Times, describes various reasons why increased government budgets could be detrimental to the future US generation. The last article basically describes the elements ascribed to the American Recovery Reinvestments Act and how the government would use them to ensure that the current expenses remain constant, without any form of reduction. Fiscal Policies are geared towards facilitating proper use of public resources; basically, they are pertinent in the sense that they regulate the manner through, which governments and other stakeholders spend their resources. However, in many cases, these policies may be faced by criticism from certain quarters, who believe that they may be detrimental to public finances. On the other hand, many fiscal policies may also create a scenario whereby, the future generation is given the burden to settle certain debts. DeLong Says Not Time to Cut U.S. Budget With Free Lunch. (n.d.). Bloomberg.com. Retrieved March 31, 2014, from

Introducing a line of bottled water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introducing a line of bottled water - Essay Example In order to differentiate within the market, the supplements would be developed so that the water taste was not changed, and through marketing to the segment of the population that is starting to experience minor ailments and issues that can be directly addressed through supplements. The segment would be the aging population that is 40 and over. Marketing will also have to be directed to a broader demographic through onsite marketing that is less specific to age. As the bottled water market has increased steadily since 1997, the potential for success is high. Introduction Bottled water has become a staple in Western society, a trend that stems from a variety of areas of concern. One of the reasons that bottled water has become a prominent resource for hydration is that the fitness industry has determined that a significant amount of water, usually defined by about 2 litres, per day is necessary for good health (World Health Organisation 2004: 486). Another reason that bottled water h as become more marketable in the last few decades is that public water, as in tap water, has come under attack for the purity and safety that it contains. As a result, a natural marriage between the health industry and bottled water has emerged in which diversification into the bottled water market makes sense for corporations that have health related products already in their product line. One company that has yet to develop bottled water is GlaxoSmithKline. Through the exploration of their current line of products and brands, along with an exploration of the overall market, the addition of a line of water to the GlaxoSmithKline product line would enhance the current product line as well as open up a new market. The brand name of the proposed new line of water will be called PURE with a supplemental line of text used to define which type of water is being offered. The line of bottled water would not simply be the one line of basic water, but in order to appeal to the chosen demogra phic, a line of water with supplements within them would increase the potential success of the line. Taking the example of waters such as Dasani by the Coke product line and Aquafina by the Pepsi product line, creating flavoured waters or water with minerals and supplements has shown to have success. The twist on this line of water is that all of the water will taste like water, but will have supplements that target the differing needs of those who are aging. GlaxoSmithKline Company Overview Formed in 2001 through a merger between GlaxoWelcome and SmithKline Beecham, the company holds its headquarters in Great Britain with most of its business being conducted in the United States. As a pharmaceutical leader, the company is a leader in respiratory, central nervous system research, diabetes and vaccines, with 2003 seeing pre-tax sales of more than 21.4 billion. Profits were approximately 6.3 billion with an investment

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

English - Essay Example by FIFA, or Federation International de Football Association which organizes the immensely popular FIFA World Cup, the sport’s principal event, once in every four years. It also regulates all levels of soccer- including the professional games on the international level, Olympic competitions and youth leagues. America’s National Football League or NFL is the principal professional league in the world, several other leagues forming later in North America and Europe. On par with them is the Major League Soccer with many teams with fans world over, the most famous ones being A.C. Milan of Italy, Ajax Amsterdam of The Netherlands, Manchester United of England, Real Madrid of Spain, Boca Juniors of Argentina, Sao Paulo of Brazil, and Colo Colo of Chile. There are certain aspects which are common to both games and rhere are some differences. What is common to both forms of soccer -association football, and American football is the fact that both require two teams with 11 players each, in which players try scoring a goal by hitting the ball into the opponents’ goal, using any part of their body other than the hands requiring remarkable skills in use of feet and heads for kicking, dribbling, or passing the ball toward the goal or to another player. Important contrasts are as follows. Firstly the area of the playing fields differs which for soccer, is 90 and 120 m (100 and 130 yd) long and between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yd) wide and for American football is 120 yd (110 m) long and 53 yd 1 ft (48.8 m) wide. While in soccer 11 players serve as goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and attacker American football having no such clear definitions, the players have to adapt to many roles. In soccer a referee single handedly decides and is assisted by two linesmen signaling when a player is â€Å"offside† or when a ball crosses the boundary line. In American football however there is a referee, an umpire, a linesman, a field judge, a back judge, a line judge, and a side

How the World Trade Organization (WTO) Impacts Intellectual Property Essay

How the World Trade Organization (WTO) Impacts Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example Finally, economics affects the governments by determining a nation’s financial resources needed in the sustenance of the country’s requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body charged with the responsibility of regulating trade between the different countries engaged in trading activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between the different domestic policies in existent, in the different nations (Kroll, 1999). Intellectual property rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities on an international level (Kroll, 1999). This is because of the differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of this right from one person to another. The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules used in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). †¢Compare and contrast f ree trade and protectionist theories Free trade is a product of capitalism which replaced the once popular mercantilism (Craig, 1994). Through the recognition of individual rights to own and dispose of property, capitalism thrived. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade thus free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage meaning both parties benefit from the trade interactions (Craig, 1994). Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on supply and demand which governs the prices and availability of the goods and services (Craig, 1994). However, comparative advantage, demand and supply do not guarantee fair trade. Nonetheless, free trade is a charitable foundation on which competitive markets thriv e. It is easy for states and individuals to accumulate wealth and gunner profits from exporting and importing when they practice free trade (Craig, 1994). Protectionist theorists, on the other hand, criticize capitalism and the principle of free trade. Like mercantilism, protectionist theories hold that the government’s control on the importation, exportation and other forms of foreign trade is imperative and extremely beneficial to the nation and individuals (Craig, 1994). Through policies such as tariffs, import quotas export subsidies and exchange rates; the government controls the processes of importation and exportation. Some states even impose embargoes on individuals and firms (Craig, 1994). These protectionist principles have one significant benefit. They favor domestic trade through increased domestic demand and expansion of domestic industries. Elements of protectionism also protect a state against predatory pricing and may subsequently lower the chances of inflatio n in an economy (Craig, 1994). In view of international trade, firms, individuals and governments prefer the distributional effect to the aggregate effect of a policy or strategy (Craig, 1994). When it comes to free trade, the result will be a net gain. On the other hand, restricted trade encompasses net loss. Therefore, most economies prefer designer strategies to a strictly outlined one. Free trade is the â€Å"

Do laws increase or diminish our freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Do laws increase or diminish our freedom - Essay Example Enforcement of laws includes imposing a series of penalties upon those that disobey the law. The penalties usually deprive the citizen of his wealth, his liberty or his life. The severity of the punishment depends on the crime committed. According to accepted norms of humanity and justice only people who commit acts of evil should be punished and so anyone who awards similar punishment to those who are innocent or with some other vested interest in mind finds himself in conflict with law. (Andersen, 1995) The diversity and conflicts of interests among men makes it very difficult to pass a set of laws that will be accepted by everybody. There is also a possibility that a man can change his interests over a period of time. However the only need that remains constant is a man’s need for freedom. Even though individual goals may be different, the desire to have the freedom to achieve a goal can be seen in every human being. There are four elements to a person’s freedom-life, liberty, property and knowledge. ‘As long as a government restricts itself to the function of protecting the elements of freedom and as long as it apportions the taxes and other essential duties equitably, no one can justly complain about its duties’ (Andersen, 1995) history has taught mankind that the violation of another person’s rights should not go unpunished as it can deprive him of his freedom. The relationship between freedom and law is perceived in two different ways. ‘ The free market liberal regards freedom as a natural fact- perhaps definitive of the human nature- that the law protects and, where possible, enables those positioned to take advantage of their freedom. In contrast, the social-welfare liberal treats freedom as itself one among many legal constructions that enable humanity to flourish, but just as long as freedom extends to everyone equally’. (Stone, 2007) There can never be an

Economi Portfolio Essay Example for Free

Economi Portfolio Essay Price elasticity of demand (PED ) is the measure of the responsiveness of the demand for a certain good to a change in the price of this good. It is a measure of how consumers react to a change in price. The formula used to calculate the price elasticity of demand for a given product is : % change in quantity demanded of good A PED = % change in prices of good A Figure 1 : demand VW on Monday revealed net income of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.7bn ($6bn) last year, 14 per cent higher than in 2007, while sales increased 4. 5 per cent to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½114bn as VW sold 6.3m vehicles. This situation is shown in figure 1. There was a shift in demand curve to the right, from D1 to D2, as sales increased. VW sales increased from Q1 to Q2, and they could set higher price for their cars, which increased from p1 to p2. Car market is a type of a monopolistically competitive market. Monopolistic competition has two basic assumptions. Firstly, the producers havent much impact on degree of control over price. It means that they have to keep low prices for cars, because the marker is very competitive. Secondly, there are many producers and many consumers, while no business has total control over the market price. Moreover, it is assumed that all firms are profit-maximizers, and the same is with Volkswagen. It will not be concerned about revenue maximization or sales maximization, but only profit maximization. The number of workers it employs is also not important, nor environmental aims which are crucial these days. Most of the firms are not concerned about the environment, and this is why there is negative externality of consumption and production of VW cars. Manufactures emit greenhouse gasses and consumers cars also emit greenhouse gasses. However, Volkswagen wants only to maximize its profit. As car market is monopolistically competitive market, figure 2 will best represents VW costs and revenues. VW on Monday revealed net income of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.7bn ($6bn) last year, so there was abnormal profit which is marked as pink area on the figure 2. The abnormal profit is the total revenue minus total cost at the level of output where MC curve is equal to MR curve. Figure 2 : abnormal profit Figure 3. losses It is said in the article that this year earnings will not reach the high levels of previous years.. It may be possible that VW will make only losses, which is shown in figure 3. Again, the total abnormal profit or loss is between the AC curve and AR curve at the level of output where profits are maximized (Q). The loss of Volkswagen is marked as the red rectangle in figure 3. VW has many ways to increase demand for their cars. First of all, they should spend more money on innovation, because consumers can be attracted by VW cars with the newest technology. VW works in monopolistic competition and it can steal consumers from other car makers, who will prefer Volkswagen cars. There are three possibilities of what VW may do. Volkswagen should shut down in the short run if it is unable to cover all its variable costs in the short run. This level of price is knows as shut-down price. Secondly, it may operate in the short run, when it is able to cover all its variable costs in the short run. This is known as break-even price and VW will operate in the short run so that it can make an abnormal profit in the long run. Finally, Volkswagen may operate at the profit-maximising level of output if it wants to make abnormal profit in the short run.

Mount Rainier National Park

Mount Rainier National Park Mount Rainier National Park is placed basically in west central of Washington around forty eight miles southeast of Tacoma, WA. The park is roughly a one to two hour drive from Seattle, Yakima as well as Tacoma, also Washington and Portland, Oregon. In addition, the Nisqually Entrance, found on the southwest side of the park on Stateroad 706, is open year round. Other park roads are actually open just in the time of midyear months. Mt. Rainier is one of United States most vigorously gone to national parks also, pulling in more than two million travelers a year. This is expected not just to the astounding nature of its landscape additionally to its nearness to the significant populace focuses in the Puget Sound territory of western Washington State. It is found around ninety five miles from Seattle and seventy from Tacoma. Around 3.3 million individuals live inside three hour drive of the park and around 1/2 of the parks yearly travelers are from the area of Washington (John, 2007).. In excess of two million individuals visit the park every year. Among the unmistakable individuals who have gone to the park are three presidents- Firstly, Theodore Roosevelt in year 1910, secondly, William Howard Taft in year 1911, and last Harry S. Truman in 1945. With its grand summit pushing up into the sky and its enormous ice sheets cutting its flanks, Mount Rainier commands the Pacific Northwest. Perceiving the picturesque quality of this sublime mountain and the excellence of its high glades and of the virgin forests that encompassed it, I really inspired from these features but my most favorite feature about this park is the ice on the slants of the mountain. There are twenty six named icy masses on the flanks of the top. This is the biggest glacial mass framework on any crest in the America. As far as my experience with Mt. Rainier Park before doing research is concerned, I thought that it would be a far flung area and could not be easily accessible. I was also of the view that it would be a dangerous place for visitors so one should be careful while visiting it. But its beauty and climate really attracted me. Despite the fact that the park is widely acclaimed for its expound wild flower shows, the vegetation of Mount Rainier National Park is surprisingly assorted. Climate and rise change incredibly in the park, making an extensive variety of environments supporting a far reaching number of plant species. There are in excess of eight hundred and ninety vascular species and more than two hundred and sixty non-vascular plant species and organisms in the park. There are more than hundred fascinating plant species, particularly along transportation halls, close trails, and in riparian regions. (U.S. National Park Service, 2014) More or less fifty eight percent of the park is secured by woods. Low rise forests are circulated from the parks limit from seventeen (1700) hundred feet to twenty seven hundred (2700) feet height and are overwhelmed by western hemlock, Douglas fir, and western red-cedar. Mid-rise forests reach out from 2,700 feet upward to four to six thousand feet height relying upon angle, and contain Pacific silver fir, Alaska yellow cedar, western white pine, and respectable fir. Above around 4,500 feet, high height forests are portrayed by subalpine fir, mountain hemlock, and Alaskan yellow cedar (U.S. National Park Service, 2014). Whitebark pine and Englemann spruce are available in drier destinations on the east side of the park. Timberland ages range from youthful stands (short of what hundred years of age) to old-development stands thousand or more years old. The young stands can be found in regions of unsettling influence, for example, zones cleared by flame or trash streams, or recovering moraines and other uncovered land deserted by subsiding ice sheets. The meadows are a most loved exhibition for park travelers, who group to the mountain to see the showy wild flower showcases blossoming in the meadows. The sub-alpine glades can be shrouded in snow well into the month of June if not later, driving the wild flowers to blossom forcefully keeping in mind the end goal to exploit the short developing season. The short season additionally influences the kind of plant groups found in the meadows. A rise contrast of more or less thirteen feet makes a mixed bag of natural surroundings and life zones in Mount Rainier that stay secured. Youll likely see diverse creatures at every life zone change. This difference accommodates an expansive arrangement of spineless creatures, warm blooded animals, fowls, fish, creatures of land and water, and reptiles. The seasons and rise assume an enormous part in figuring out where you may best discover wildlife. In summer, chipmunks, chickarees, ground squirrels, marmots, and pika are regularly seen warm blooded animals (U.S. National Park Service, 2014). Clarks nutcrackers, ash jays, Stellers jays, and ravens are ordinarily seen feathered creatures. Deer are often seen, however dark bear, elk, and mountain goats are trickier. Search for elk on the east side of the park in September. The shade of dark bear may be tan, brown or blond, and to see one is an uncommon treat. Mountain goats stay near the high nation precipices. The profoundly obvious Columbian dark tailed deer, Douglas squirrels, loud Stellars jays and normal ravens are creatures that numerous individuals recall. The most various and plenteous creatures in the park, be that as it may, are the spineless creatures, the creepy crawlies, worms, scavengers’, insects to name a couple of that involve all situations to the highest point of Columbia Crest itself. At Mount Rainier you can discover sixty five well evolved creature species, fourteen types of creatures of land and water, five types of reptiles, 182 types of winged animals, and 14 types of local fish. Spineless creatures presumably speak to 85% of the creature biomass in the park. About fifty percent of the fowls saw in the park settle here and a lot of people are vagrants that winter in the southern America or Central America (John, 2007). Inhabitant creatures of land and water can be found in both amphibian situations or ashore and reptiles are commonly found in upland living s paces. A portion of the more well known warm blooded creatures like elk and dark bear go in numerous territories all through the mid year. Mountain goats commonly stay in elevated or sub-alpine life zones. Climate designs at Mount Rainier are emphatically impacted by the Pacific Ocean, height, and scope. The climate is by and large cool and stormy, with summer highs in the 60s and 70s. While July and August are the sunniest months of the year, downpour is conceivable any day, and likely in spring, fall, and winter. Travelers ought to be mindful that mountain climate is extremely alterable (MRNPA, 2014). Wet, frosty climate can happen whenever of the year. Albeit late-July and August are for the most part the driest and hottest time of the year, summer can likewise be wet and cool. Snow will stay at the five thousand to eight thousand feet height well into mid-July. Mount Rainier can rule the horizon for hundred miles before you achieve the park named after it. At about three miles in stature, Mount Rainier is the tallest crest in the Cascade Range; it overshadows six thousand-foot encompassing summits, seeming to buoy alone among the mists. Mount Rainier may be the center piece of the national park; however it is barely the main fascination. Here, short of what three hours drive from Seattle, you can walk around apparently unlimited fields of wild flowers, listen for breaking ice sheet trash, meander among trees more than a thousand years of age (U.S. National Park Service, 2014). The parks helpful area, be that as it may, additionally prompts weekend congested roads, both summer and winter, and certifications you organization on prominent trails. Mount Rainier is the posterity of flame and ice. Still dynamic, it was likely conceived more than a large portion of million years prior, on a base of magma heaved out by past volcanoes. Magma and slag surged out of the youthful well of lavas vent a large number of times, filling the neighbouring galleys’ and developing a summit cone, layer by layer, to a tallness of around 16,000 feet. Indeed while Mount Rainier was developing, ice sheets cut valleys on and around the mountain (John, 2007). The 25 noteworthy ice sheets/glaciers here structure the biggest accumulation of lasting ice on a solitary American crest south of Alaska. Mount Rainiers summit disintegrated about whether, yet emissions in the most recent two thousand years remade it to its present tallness of 14,410 feet. The mountain last emitted around a century prior. There are in excess of sixty named paths on Mt. Rainier. The Disappointment Cleaver or Emmons Glacier paths are two of the most well known by a wide margin and the straightest forward. An alternate standard course is the Gibraltar Ledges. You pick up very nearly 9,000 from trail head at Paradise inside the Park to the summit and spread eighteen miles round-trek. Each course to the summit obliges protective cap, crampons and an ice hatchet (the base meaning of specialized) in addition to setting out restricted up because of chasm risk (John, 2007).. A not very many climb solo. You must be in top physical condition with an amazing mentality to remain on the top. Likewise it respects have some fundamental experience added to you repertoire with lower mountains and snow trips to make your experience more charming. It is concluded that Mount Rainier National Park is a position of the cool air, the curious and snow capped glades, the lofty and tough landscape. It is an exceptional spot, loaded with numerous common marvels. From the thick, thick, old development forests, to the high, windswept mountain inclines. The mountain is beautiful to the point that simply gazing at it is an action in itself. The climate is very nearly like tundra. With the frosty, dry air, and the sun high in the sky, is appears to be as though the sun gives off no hotness. As one navigates the rough incline, he at last achieves the highest point of Burroughs mountain. One likewise gets a glance at the mind boggling glacial masses. My opinion about accessibility to the park and safety was incorrect that there are about sixty routes to the park. There are also several measurements available in order to ensure safety to the visitors. The Golden Access Passport is a free pass accessible to all perpetual American occupants who are qualified to get government advantages focused around inability, whether you are really accepting them or not. This pass entitles the bearer, and prompt family or going hand in hand with travelers in a private vehicle, to free admission to all American National Parks, Monuments, Forests, and Historic Sites, and reduced cost outdoors. Apply in individual at any National Park Service or United States Woodland Service region (MRNPA, 2014). Albeit a considerable lot of the created ranges at Mount Rainier National Park originate before laws obliging completely open offices, the organization is attempting to protect that all park travelers have the chance to experience and appreciate the park. Explorers and mountain climbers ought to be arranged for evolving climate. The prime climbing time is from late May to mid September. However a few specialists climb it year round yet these climbers have huge amounts of experience. Climate can simply be an issue, even in midsummer it can snow, rain or hail whenever. Give careful consideration to climate conjectures, one day and long range, torrential slide warnings, and extraordinary climate alarms. Have additional apparel, downpour gear, and a tent for assurance against storms at whatever time of the year. Know the climate conjecture and arrangement your outing likewise. References: United States. National Park Service. Mount Rainier National Park (U.S. National Park Service). National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, 31 Oct. 2014. Web. http://www.nps.gov/mora/index.htm>. John William Uhler. 2007. Mount Rainier National Park National Parks. National Parks. Web. http://www.mount.rainier.national-park.com/>. MRNPA Home Page. Mount Rainier National Park Associates. Web. 9 Nov. 2014. http://www.mrnpa.org/>

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Well, this is it, the day all of us have been waiting for has finally arrived. It seems like only yesterday we were picking our noses and flicking them at innocent bystanders or yelling childish phrases like, "Liar, liar, pants on fire!" or, wait, that was yesterday. Never mind. Anyways. What I'm trying to say is the years, have flown by and it's not going to be long before we're in the stands watching our kids graduate. You know, there is a lot more to graduating than leaving Rufus and getting a diploma. It's more than that. I mean, why do you think we get to wear these cool robes? Our infantile days of wandering into first period half asleep and living off the school's cheesy burritos and ranch dressing are over, it's time now for us to grow up and head into the real world. R...

Internet Censorship Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Everyone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Unfortunately, there have been numerous attempts lately to censor the Internet. If the Internet is controlled, regulated, restricted, or censored it will have harsh effects on its capabilities. In recent years, America’s economy has become increasingly dependent on the need to instantly move large amounts of information across long distances. Computerization has changed everyone’s life in ways that were never before possible. The global network of interconnected computers allows people to send electronic mail messages across the world in the blink of an eye and stay updated on world events as they happen; the world has become a much smaller place as a result of this global communication and exchange of ideas. There have also become thousands of online â€Å"communities† of people who share common interests through message boards, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists (Wilmott 106). Right now, the Internet is the ultimate demonstration of the first amendment: free speech. A place where people can speak their mind without being punished for what they say or how they choose to say it. â€Å"The Internet owes its incredible worldwide success to its prot ection of free speech, not only in America, but also in countries where freedom of speech is not guaranteed. For some, it is the only place where they can speak their mind without fear of political or religious persecution†. (â€Å"Cyberchaos†). The Internet is also one of America's most valuable types of technology; scientists use email for quick and easy communication. They post their current scientific discoveries on online newsgroups so other scientists in the same field of study all over the world can know in minutes. Ordinary people use the Internet for communication, expressing their opinions in the newsgroups, obtaining new information from the WWW, downloading all types of media files, or just â€Å"surfingâ€Å" for their own personal enjoyment. User... ...aphy is legal. The solution to keeping kids from getting into inappropriate websites is to monitor their access, use filtering software, and teach them morals. Censoring the Internet can only be harmful to everyone else who uses it. Works Cited Cleaver, Cathleen A. â€Å"Cyberchaos: Not First Amendment’s Promise.† http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/cda/cleaver-cyberchaos.html â€Å"Current Internet Censorship Efforts.† [Online]. Available www.epic.org/freespeech/censorship. 3 April 2001. Dibbel, Julian. â€Å"Muzzling the Internet.† Time 18 December, 1995: 75. Hentoff, Frances. "Indecent Proposal." Entertainment Weekly 31 March, 1995. â€Å"Legal Definition of Obscenity/Pornography.† [Online]. Available http://censorware.net/essays/obscene_jt.html. 23 March 2001. Levy, Steven. â€Å"U.S. v. the Internet.† Newsweek 31 March 1997: 77-79. Miller, Michael. "Cybersex Shock." PC Magazine 10 Oct. 1995; 75-76. â€Å"Parental Control Ware.† Newsweek 12 February 1996: 12. Rheingold, Howard. â€Å"Rheingold's Tomorrow: Why Censoring Cyberspace is Dangerous & Futile.† [Online.] Available http://www.well.com/user/hlr/tomorrow/tomorrowcensor.html. Tyre, Jim. â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Censorware.†

The Cosmetic Industry: Selling Illusion :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The Cosmetic Industry: Selling Illusion The makeup industry is booming these days. With the ability to make skin appear smoother, eyelashes look longer, and make lips a different color, makeup continues to create a distorted reality for people around the world. The cosmetic industry is still going strong because our culture continues to promote its use. For example, women are expected to wear makeup for certain occasions. They are expected to wear makeup at work, when they go out to eat, and nearly every other situation that involves an appearance in public. If a woman is seen not wearing makeup in public, then she is considered a deviant, and others look down on her. The entire makeup market, the value of eye, lip, nail and face makeup, was $23.7 billion in 1998. This market has also experienced a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.7 percent from 1994 to 1998. (Bucalo) One obvious explanation for this large value of the industry is that makeup is extremely appealing to consumers. It is a great way to cover up the imperfections in one's appearance. The "need" to cover the imperfections in our face and skin is magnified by the importance that is placed on looking beautiful. It is sad, but many times people are judged by their appearance. People realize this and strive to improve themselves with makeup. They feel it is necessary to put on a mask when presenting themselves to the public because they fear that they may be inaccurately judged if they do not. Makeup has other uses, too. There are some circumstances that call for the distortion of reality, such as movies. An actor can represent a character much better with a little distortion of his true appearance. Sometimes the story line takes place over an extended period of time. An actor may need to change their appearance from young to old throughout the course of the movie. Makeup can also make it easier for a movie to seem more realistic. Can you imagine how lame Star Wars or Dracula would have been if the actors had played the parts without change from their natural appearance? Clowns also seem to have a convincing argument that makeup is useful in their line of work. In fact, the makeup that a clown wears is characteristic of their job description. A clown without makeup is like a fish out of water. Makeup is so useful for clowns because an unchanging mood can be put on their face.

Critical Analysis Of “Enduring Love” Essay

In â€Å"Enduring Love†, McEwan again creates a family that confronts a challenge and finds it difficult to survive. Joe and Clarissa are intellectuals living together in a well-appointed flat in a comfortable neighborhood in London. Clarissa is a professor researching Keats, and Joe is a well-known science writer with a doctorate in quantum electrodynamics who is somewhat dissatisfied with his decision to leave academia behind. Through the story utilizing the characters of Joe and Clarissa, McEwan articulates the idea humans are emotionally and intellectually evolved and are therefore less fit for survival than animals. Joe and Clarissa have figured out how to retain their individual identities within the relationship, so that they do not feel guilty that they lead separate lives, and do not become parasitic when they are together. Joe and Clarissa are aware of their individuality, and ultimately their relationship entails a defense against enmeshment, a protection of self against the encroachment of others, as a primary motivating factor. In the end it is their insistence on â€Å"me† over â€Å"us† that renders their connection vulnerable to withstand the challenge of obsession and madness from an outside source. In the novel’s celebrated opening scene, when Joe and Clarissa witness a hot air balloon in distress, Joe attempts, with several other men, to rescue the terrified boy inside the basket by pulling the balloon back to earth. The experience is undeniably traumatic. Joe’s guilt at letting go is overwhelming, and the sight of the dead body haunts him. Back at home, Joe and Clarissa comfort and support each other, cooperating in each other’s recovery by talking through the event and their feelings, and trying to work together to make meaning of it. McEwan is careful to show that their initial reaction to the trauma appears to reinforce the solidity of their relationship. It is an appropriate, mutual, and affiliative response. Clarissa recognizes Joe’s feelings and tries to help him: â€Å"‘ We’ve seen something terrible together. It won’t go away, and we have to help each other. And that means we’ll have to love each other even harder'† (McEwan 36). Moreover, Joe appreciates Clarissa’s efforts and feels delivered from his trauma by the physicality of her love: â€Å"she put her arms around my neck and brought my face close to hers. She knew I was a fool for this kind of encirclement. It made me feel that I belonged, that I was rooted and blessed† (McEwan 37). But for the reader, the event’s revelation of Joe and Clarissa’s relationship resonates on another level as well. Joe’s reflections on the nature of the cooperative effort enacted by the group of men can equally be applied to his relationship with Clarissa. He is remarkably aware, both during and after the event, of the extent to which human interaction is governed by a weighing of benefits, a balancing of pros and cons: â€Å"Selfishness†¦ is our mammalian conflict: what to give to the others and what to keep for yourself. Treading that line, keeping the others in check and being kept in check by them, is what we call morality† (McEwan 15). And, in the end, it is this constant hedging, this instinct to protect the self at the expense of risking connection with others, McEwan says, that dooms both the rescue and the relationship: â€Å"Someone said me, and then there was nothing to be gained by saying us†¦ Suddenly†¦ we were disintegrating. Suddenly the sensible choice was to look out for yourself (McEwan 15). In a sense, the extent to which Joe and Clarissa’s relationship is more of a compromise than a connection finds its expression in Joe’s astute observation about the men: â€Å"There may have been a vague communality of purpose, but we were never a team† (McEwan 11). With the metaphor of the balloon accident, McEwan implies the necessity for Joe and Clarissa to face the same choice as the rescuers – to let go and survive, or die. The audience is aware from the start of â€Å"Enduring Love† that the veneer of togetherness in this family belies a strong undercurrent of disconnection. To begin with, the reunion picnic is necessitated by the couple’s six week separation while Clarissa has pursued her own research abroad, leaving Joe home alone. Perhaps even more of a signal to the reader, however, is McEwan’s refusal to clarify the exact nature of Joe and Clarissa’s relationship. As the narrator, Joe describes his relationship with Clarissa as one of marriage: â€Å"We were seven years into a childless marriage of love† (McEwan 8). But then he refers to Clarissa not as his wife, but as his friend: ‘†Look, I’m sorry, I’m going back up to see my friend'† (28). Later, when he is talking to the widow of the balloon accident hero, he says it again: â€Å"I shook my head. There was my friend Clarissa, two farm laborers, a man called –â€Å"‘ (McEwan 122). It is significant that McEwan will not allow the consistent use of the word ‘wife’, even for the sake of convenience, and his refusal to do so comments on this couple’s lack of a formal commitment to connection. From the critical perspective and comparing to humans to animals in terms of the organizational system, Joe and Clarissa have learned to mediate conflict by focusing on the defects and failings of the partner. In a sense, McEwan implies, Joe and Clarissa’s relationship has always been about competition. In particular, Joe’s decision to give up â€Å"real science† for popular science puts him at a disadvantage with Clarissa, a promising scholar with a place at a university, who has a famous scientist as a Godfather. Moreover, their relationship is illuminated by the conflicts inherent in their chosen fields-the objectivity of science and the subjectivity of the humanities. Despite their mutual instincts for connection, and their evident love for each other, Joe and Clarissa have not, as a family, internalized a regulating dynamic by which the closure of their family can be defined and maintained. Unlike animals, Joe and Clarissa as humans are complex and evolved human beings that are reliant on comfort and habit rather than intimate dedication to each other, as evidenced by their readiness to turn the tension of the event onto their relationship rather than absorbing it together. As such they are less fir fit survival in a broad context and are vulnerable to inside and outside threats to their integrity. WORKS CITED McEwan, Ian. Enduring Love. New York: Anchor Books, 1999.

Prisoners Life In Shawshank Redemption Film Studies Essay

The movie was set in 1946 and it ‘s about the immature adult male and successful banker Mr Andy duffrense punished to life sentence for falsely convicts slaying of his lover and married woman. The movie is based the novel of STEPHEN KINGS â€Å" RITA HAYWORTH AND THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION † besides explores the existent life of captives life of America in 1940. The offense and societal struggles have said in the movie with certain fortunes. The film was nominated for 7 Academy awards for best taking histrion Morgan freewoman filming Roger Deakins, redacting Richard Francis Bruce, music Thomas Newman and for screenplay Frank darabont. Eventhough Many prison play are slightly similar to this movie like Clint Eastwoods â€Å" Escape from Alcatraz † which similar prison life narrative but slightly different secret plan about a group of inmates from Alcatraz prison have escaped from ill-famed prison which no 1 ne'er escaped before this film is based on the true narrativ e of captive blunt Morris. And Frank darabonts another movie â€Å" The Green Mile † besides prison film with phantasy play which focused on adult male falsely accused for slaying the kid. But the adult male is like some power of God after in gaol the narrative surrounds across three constabulary staffs and captives. The film is besides adapted the author Stephen kings â€Å" The green stat mi † . The film said in the emotional and philosophically explores its place in category. THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION- BRIEF SYNOPSIS â€Å" Andy duffrense † ( Tim Robbins ) is a successful banker and immature household adult male. He was imprisoned in shawshank and punished life sentence for slaying of his married woman. In prison he shortly become close friend of his â€Å" Elis Boyd Red Redding ( Morgan freewoman ) † and other chap inmates. But in prison Andy abused sexually inside the prison from the group called â€Å" the sisters † in the wash section where is working and many offense struggles from warden and captain Hadley ( Clancy brown ) . Then after survived from the sisters group and he shifted to library on the replacing of Brooks. The film besides in journeys of character Brooks and Red. After Andy comes to cognize that he did n't slay his married woman from the freshly arrived cat Tommy. And in certain fortunes he escaped from prison and reveal about the corruptness in prison to higher functionaries. After warden Norton ( Bob Gunton ) knowing that he caught for corruptness and sl aying of Tommy he suicides himself. And After this issue red is released from prison by word and finds himself remainder of his life were his old friend brooks corsets before. But due to force per unit area and age he cant able to pull off in the present universe he goes to his friend Andy to happen the felicity and freedom of life. THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION- BRIEF REVIEW The filming was really perfect and many shootings and angles bring the film a realism.the most changeable I like is helicopter shootings a positions of prison before andy arrives prison. And largely the dark tone and a pleasant scenery were showed in the film. The music was really nice and cheerful which makes the audience into feel. Screenplay is really perfect it portrays the captive ‘s life.. The film is shows the high scope and meaningful doctrine. The histrion ‘s public presentation is really good. Particularly Morgan freeman face looks and organic structure linguistic communication shows a soft playing. There is many consistence in the film. The film portrays chiefly about the anticipating a freedom from captives those who are in life sentenced. Actually the film is based on the novel of â€Å" STEPHEN KINGS THE RITA HAYMORTH AND SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION † . The film shows the pragmatism of captives and how they have Been treated indoors. The chief character of the film Andy has besides helped other captives to last and happen the significance and hope in life. The 90 per centum of the location is largely surrounds around the prison remainder of them in metropolis and small town. There no over force and criminal conversation were used. The film is pleasant. In the film Andy express the feeling and hope by assisting others like back uping them and educating them. the manager shows each and every scene meaningful the music, cinematograpghy was really cheerful and makes the audience feel good. The histrions have done really good public presentation and show the feelings emotionally. Andy struggles from effects of his hope and managed the optimistic ways and attempts to do positive things and concern make others to experience normal. Andy help other inmates to acquire high school grades and to educate them while they were in prison. The casting was sketched and portrayed in perfect mode. Analysis OF THE MOVIE The film expresses the simpleness. The film shows many direct significance of life and human emotions.The most loveable scene to me is â€Å" there is insect in Andy nutrients he will take the and distastefully looking it laughably. â€Å" BROOKS will inquire him that insect and he will feed that into little bird name Jake † so this makes me experience good like and do to believe how the human love and emotions makes attractively portrayed in the film. Actually in the first few scenes shows how Andy convicted murder his married woman there has been conversations between justice, Lawyer and Andy. Even though the slaying scene has non shown in the film the opinion and analyzation of the offense have been show in duologues. Andy will state to attorney that he did n't slay but attorney says that he intentionally did the slaying because his married woman had an matter with another adult male Andy will prisoned in strong circumstantial grounds. The attorney explains the slaying and how intentionally the slaying was held. So while analyzing this the there is intending that one can non judge the adult male on his organic structure linguistic communication sometimes like Andy over depress and tenseness of makes a human into incorrect side of the state of affairs. The film non merely shows about the life of Prisoner besides other captives life and warden, constabulary and other difficult prison experience. Andy and ruddy become close friends shortly. With aid of his friend red. Andy will be after to get away and happen a freedom and meaningful life. First half Andy will inquire Red for stone cock. Because Andy shows himself as involvements and avocation in doing some illumination objects in stones. His friend red will offer him hammer with aid of inmate. And Andy was large fan of Rita Hayworth a actress, so one scene all inmates will seeing the film of Rita Hayworth and his friend red besides large fan of her. So Red besides offer a large posting of Rita. But after old ages ago in the 2nd half the manager makes the turn in the film that Andy digs and come offing off the cement and the wall easy about 19 old ages. with aid of stone cock but he will conceal this on the image of Rachel on the replacing of Rita Hayworth. And he program and flights from the prison. These is the chief intresting turn in the film and which makes the film really interestingly and rational. The dark tone was used in the film to demo the life degree Fahrenheit captives how they have treated in the prison for harshly. And following Mr Brooks who is librarian in Shaw shank prison from childhood have released from prison at old age and he fined the house and the occupation. But due to present universe he can non accommodate with universe he was really much vexed in life and he suicides. This scene makes me very emotional is the narrative is that â€Å" one time I saw an car one time I was kid. But now everyplace † so these narrative duologue shows that how Mr brooks life was been portrayed that he was been imprisoned at his little age that clip the cars is really seldom seen and the starting of cars period. So in present universe certain fortunes he ca n't able to get by with present universe and buzzword able to make the occupation so he have been suicide. So on analysing this film there is strong human consistence. The film is set in 1940s. The films has full of narrative with certain fortunes. On analysing the whole film one thing is strongly said eventhough a peoples like Andy convicted offense and prisoned and got life sentence the ambiance milieus in the prison was human emotions and feelings can non able to command or be proper in some certain state of affairss. The film is besides showing the extremely philosophical topic. The screenplay and filming both have moulded the movie really impressive and emotionally. Scene by scene the charecterzation of Andy and milieus of the prison and peoples makes me really experiencing in certain countries. The film besides shows the corruptness and confederacy of warden inside the prison. after being caught the warden Norton have suicide because of slaying and feeling guilty for corruptness. Norton ( Bob Gunton ) performed really unsmooth and strong warden in the film. He is duo logues and organic structure linguistic communication performed good shows the pragmatism in action. The scene which is like most is he will state to captives † Discipline and bible and in shawshank you see both welcome to shawshank † he will with smiling in face and raggedness in organic structure linguistic communication. In condemnable psychological science many psychologists mentioned that those how got life sentenced the absence of ego control and prison passiveness are enforced them to miss of sense of individuality. The manager Frank darabont has shown the two characters physical and psychological behavior imprisonment and how they get released and the chief thing in the film the friendly relationship develops easy between Andy and Red over the decennaries and precisely what happens at the flood tide. The manager had done good good study on the psychological character of Andy and Red. The chief thing to observe on Red is he is been imprisoned in shawshank for 30 old ages in between he had applied for word but due to some grounds it was been rejected. So but he did n't lose his hope still he applied at last he got the blessing of his word. Morgans freemans organic structure linguistic communication and playing was good notably when he applies for word and the clip of interview he merely performed good like descent and majestic at interview. But really the fact is largely some penalty given with word and some penalty is without word for captives it means that penalty is based on the offense and ps ychological behavior of individual and even that excessively is when the captive behavior is good and without any ailments in prison. So this besides scripted in the movie about existent facts of prison life. The duologues are really meaningful and certain countries used as an narrative. The duologue which is makes me experience is that debut to new captive from warden Norton and from the one new captive will inquire † when do we eat † captain will state to prisoner him â€Å" you eat when do we state eat † so this duologue makes me to believe how the captives life and freedom have ruined and how they find the significance and hope of the existent life in certain fortunes. The movie shows the captives life and their job psychological and physical facets. The most interesting scene in the film is Andy flights from shawshank. That is the major turn and how he program and escaped from the prison. About he takes 19 old ages to get away from the prison. so this scene used narrative that â€Å" Andy loved geology. I imagine the Peel to his punctilious nature. A million old ages constructing geology is force per unit area and clip † so this shows the existent fact that how Andy used his geological head and flights but the clip he takes really short that besides narrated in the movie that â€Å" I think adult male take 600 old ages to burrow through the wall but Andy did less than 20 † so these are some interesting and the existent facts are in this narrative by Red. While analysing this film there is many psychological state of affairs and facts of prison life has been said in the film. Many research plants of human life and prison life was shown in the film. The filming brings the dark tone in the film because the life of captives was holding many jobs and they overcome many sorrows and bad atmosphere so these are some facts brings the film emotional feel. The 85 per centum of the film was taken in bluish coloring material filter and remainder of 15 per centum used brown filters that shows the emotions of parturiency and desperation in the prison are now colour of felicity and freedom. Frank darabont is directed the film does the outstanding occupation. The film was to the full similar classical film. Each and every shooting was sketched in dramatic genre. The film seems miss-en-scene was used in the movie to portrays the conflicting subjects. Darabont besides shows the some existent fact and corruptness inside the prison for illustration capta in Hadley crushing the captives and murdering of Tommy in the Shaw shank prison you come to cognize about the cess pool of corruptness in the film. Darabont shows the film subject of justness for illustration Andys deserves for justnesss battle and acquire the truth. The journey of each character was explores in the conflicting manner and drastic state of affairss. The another interesting scene in the film is after warden caught for corruptness he suicide and there is one quotation mark from bible that â€Å" his opinion cometh and that right shortly † so this scene shows manager had approached the positive standards and justness fortunes. The film has many justness facts and dramatically impacts. Movie had attacks significance of justness and freedom of life. so the film had many indication and intensions of life.. But while seeing the captives life in the film. The individual who convicts or any unexpended offense have been prisoned for piece or life sentence his entire psychological facets become pathetic. His outlook and organic structure linguistic communication will wholly alter. In the Andy inmates and slay his married woman but it is non pre planned slaying due to certain fortunes and psychological perturbation have been put Andy to slay because certain human emotions can non be controlled. so in tribunal even though there Andy s ays he did n't slay his married woman. His organic structure linguistic communication and the manner of looks and his behavior will do the opinion put him into life sentence. The penalty of slaying is strong and there is difference between pre planned slaying and deliberate slaying. So Andy got life sentence for deliberate slaying. So the justness is approached in the film positively. Darabont had shown message for freedom and justness in the film. So the indications and intensions of the film shows how efficaciously It targeted audience in dramatic manner. On deep analyze we should besides believe that whether the captives will handle harshly and many corruptnesss like whipping and slaying inside the prison and slaying against the jurisprudence. If we think life this manner we should believe that this is merely a film adapted from the novel and merely a fictious non pragmatism. The film explores many offense struggles and issues the first scene that Andy dufferense convicts the slaying and other in prison Andy was been sexually and violently disturbed by other fellow inmates. And slaying of Tommy in prison so these are some offenses issue make the movie realistic feel. Psychological ANALYSIS OF CHARECTERIZATION The psychological jobs are sometime make captives to suicide or in any incorrect state of affairs because the offense they convicts or the milieus and atmosphere. But largely the individual who is inmates offense sometimes are punished on their psychological state of affairss and the word picture and behavior on analysing these penalty was been given on the wrongdoers if the individual calculated convicts the slaying has get terrible penalty when instead comparing to pre planned slaying. If we look the Word picture of the Andy falsely convicted offense he is good cat may be much concern to other inmates in prison this is based on their outlook and environmental facets its because the milieus and may be we can besides state this is really behviourness of the individual but it is merely a movie merely a hero who is making positive things for others. Most evidently the penalties given based on the wrongdoer ‘s activity and psychological behavior and opinion of truth behind the off ense. Robert Morgan a psychologist have said that concern to other inmates in prison will be safety and get bying in prison life for captives. But in existent in my opnion I guess there is no individual like Andy, any cat is who concern to other inmates in prison is. We can besides state that Andy ‘s character is slightly 70 percent existent and 30 individual cinematic. But this is merely dilemma reply because. There is narrative in the movie is fifty comes like â€Å" Andy is much loved geology utilizing this force per unit area and clip he do tunnel through the wall and escaped † we may believe it is merely a film, But in existent it has been proved that cat named Frank Morris is imprisoned in Alcatraz ( 1960 ) for convicted offenses like armed robbery and narcotics have been escaped from prison anyone ne'er did it before. He merely planned and makes a dummies adult male like him escaped from the prison after two old ages of imprisonment. This issue have been taken as movie called â€Å" Escape from Alcatraz † . So like this many adventuresome flights like this or based upon their age and their capacit y. Some adventuresome plants like this may said as â€Å" Adrenalin haste † . This is because in the milieus and ambiance of the prison may alter individual ‘s psychological behavior and physical organic structure linguistic communication because the individual who is independent outside the prison has overcomes many sorrows and many felicity and freedom is different when comparing to the individual who is jailed. His everyday activites is non in his custodies like feeding, working and largely spent the clip in the room so this may set a individual into threading emphasis and mental perturbation so work outing these jobs the prison includes working activities, gamed, film theaters and libraries and schools. But sometimes false opinion can be doing the good individual into captives based on the environment. So in that status the individual can impact psychologically. And another point is if even though the individual had justly convicted offense and sometimes wrongly mis judgement make him right individual and non convicts the offense it is been really pathetic sometimes. For illustration I like to state about the movie â€Å" â€Å" The life of David gale † casting by Kevin spacey a professor from university of Texas have been capital penalty for convicted slaying of colza and slaying. For his artlessness newsman Bitsey Bloom ( kate Winslet ) will concern a justnesss and truth and aid David to let go of from the penalty and happen the truth behind the slaying but the clip ne'er leaves him David put to decease on capital penalty but the last stoping turn that David is the truly guilty and he slay his co-worker and militant. So the movie explores the subject about false Judgement makes sometimes pathetic and affects adult male life into drastic state of affairs. So the false opinion ruins Andy life and put him on gaol. Eventhough Andy falsely accused for slaying his married woman he thinks that he slay his married woman when he was drunken but after cognizing the truth has been revealed from Tommy that Andy did n't slay his married woman he claim to warden but due to state of affairs Andy was badly beaten up Captain Hadley and staffs and put him in dark cell. But after get awaying from prison Andy revealed illegal and corruptness to the constabulary and other main functionaries. So this character of Andy dufferense explores that his intelligence and optimistic individual. On analysing this film while Andy claims that he did n't slay his married woman his organic structure linguistic communication shows his character shows he is guiltless. And after assisting other inmates shows his character that he is Optimistic. On flight from prison and reveals the illegal and corruptness in the Shaw shank shows Andy as a intelligent. So these are the types of characters about Andy was sketched by darabont in th e film. So eventually analysing the psychological word picture in the movie the characters explores the good and realistic public presentation good. Decision The movie Shawshank salvation was focused on chief subject of the word salvation. the film was set as a classical play which is really impressive and emotional. The film is about the prison and captives life. On analysing the film and characters and contexts It is truly good worth full film and another thing is the film still have good sentiment and good evaluation among people. The film is realistic play and life about the captive hope for freedom of life and felicity. Contains many philosophical and psychological facets of prison life. The film is truly the worth ticker and good.

Enhancing the Quality of Education in the Philippines Essay

Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. Due to that, one of the discussions of DepEd which incurred last October 2010 is to enhance the basic education program of the country in a manner that is least disruptive to the current curriculum, most affordable to government and families, and aligned with international practice through the K-12 policy. The poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino students. Many students who finish basic education do not possess sufficient mastery of basic competencies. One reason is that students do not get adequate instructional time or time on task. This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. High school graduates also do not possess the basic competencies or emotional maturity essential for the world of work. 1 While the availability of economic opportunities contributes to this, it also illustrates the mismatch in the labor and education markets. The World Bank Philippines Skills Report in 2009 reveals, based on a survey of employers, serious gaps in critical skills of graduates such as problem-solving, initiative and creativity, and, to a lesser extent, gaps in job specific technical skills. The enhanced K-12 program, or the Department of Education’s (DepEd) proposal to overhaul the basic and secondary education curriculum by adding two more years to the system is arguably one of the most drastic and controversial programs of the Aquino administration. The program is proposed to start in school year 2012-2013 for Grade 1 and first year high school students with the target of full implementation by SY 2018-2019. According to SEAMEO Innotech 2011, which is considered as the preferred education solutions provider in Southeast Asia and also an ISO 9001: 2008 Certified, the Philippine is the last country in Asia and one of only three countries in the world with a 10-year pre-university program. The K-12 model to be implemented in the country is an educational system for basic and secondary education patterned after the United States, Canada, and some parts of Australia. The current basic education system is also an archetype of American schooling but with a 10-year cycle. DepEd reasons that it is high time to adopt a K-12 system, attributing the low achievement scores and poor quality of basic education to the present school setup. Following wide protests over the proposal, the department released its official position defending K-12. 2 â€Å"We need to add two years to our basic education, those who can afford pay up to fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding. † quoted from the statement of His Excellency President Benigno S. Aquino III. K-12 has been met with criticism from youth and student groups, teachers, parents and the academic community. The DepEd, for its part, appears determined to enact the program with its proposed budget catering mostly to preparing the grounds for its eventual implementation. The DepEd argues that the K-12 program will be the solution to yearly basic education woes and the deteriorating quality of education. Critics, however, counteract that the education crisis needs to be addressed more fundamentally and adding more school years would only exacerbate the situation. With the proposed policy K-12 program, various arguments and criticisms were formulated. Different conditions generate different assumptions, which in turn create different policies. The success of any policy depends on the correctness of its policy assumptions. 3 Taking this fact into consideration, questions take place, should policy assumptions be made based on current realities? Or should policy be based on policy conditions as expected to happen, but which may not exist by the time the policy implementation was started? The below mentioned problems are just some of the queries where necessary answers are in need to be sought in order to satisfy uncertainties with regards to the implementation of this educational changes provided in K-12 Policy. PROBLEMS 1. What is the status of the country’s educational resources as to: * teaching force; * facilities and equipments; * learning materials; and * budget? ; 2. What are the provisions of the policy to the following direct entities? * family; * manpower;? and instructional apparatus**? ; 3. What is the level of preparedness of the concerned implementing stakeholders e. g. DepEd, CHED as to the execution of this educational reformation? and 4. What is the level of acceptance of the following affected stakeholders: * teaching staff; * parents; and * students? 5. What is the level of capability of the following affected stakeholders? * teaching staff; * parents; and students? OBJECTIVES The formulation of policy for the K+12 Education System requires rigorous systems analysis. Many patchworks of issues, opinions and statistical analysis have already been presented by so many sectors in so many meetings and consultations. But what is more important to see now is the entire picture, the whole tapestry of Cause-Effects and Costs-Benefits that the policy, if adopted, will create. The following are the main objectives of the K-12 policy as stated in their guiding principles4: 1. To enhance the curriculum of the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program as the central focus. The curriculum enhancement will be designed in line with the desired competencies and skills of a K+12 graduate. The Department of Education will constitute a body to review the current basic education curriculum and detail the implementation plan. 2. To develop tracks based on different competencies and/or student interest as an integral component of the program. Basic education program should develop tracks based on competencies to meet the country’s varied human capital requirements, and to prepare students for productive endeavor. The SHS curriculum will offer areas of specialization or electives. 3. To enhance the basic education curriculum being undertaken hand in hand with the vigorous efforts to ensure adequacy of inputs as part of the bigger basic education reform,  Expanding the education program (additional years of schooling) will be pursued mindful of the need to address the input shortages – teachers, classrooms, desks, water and sanitation, and quality textbooks. DepEd already included a provision for substantial physical requirements for 2011 budget, and is looking to introduce in subsequent years a budget that will constitute a significant increase not just in nominal terms but also in real terms. 4. To alter change in two-fold: curriculum enhancement and transition management. The intention of K+12 is not merely to add two years of schooling but more importantly, to enhance the basic education curriculum. DepEd is preparing a carefully sequenced implementation plan to ensure smooth transition with the least disruption. 5. To have an open and consultative process to be adopted in the promotion of the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program. In accordance with the â€Å"Tao ang Boss† principle, an open and consultative process will be adopted to ensure the successful development and implementation of the K+12 program. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. Many of us believe that in order for a person to achieve his success, he must have a good background in education and the attitude of a survivor. A great education begins with the desire to learn (Osterberg, 2004). Education is important in everybody. It gives us knowledge about the world around us, strengthens our perspective in life and helps build opinions and have points of view in everything about life. Education is really important in bringing our dreams to reality. It opens up doors to every opportunity that would give success in one’s life (Oak, 2010). In our country’s case, the Philippine government offers only 10 years in basic education (6 years for elementary and 4 for high school years), which is the lowest as compared to 12 years in many countries in the world (PCER, 1999). The poor mastery of lessons is common due to the congested curriculum and to the great number of population in public schools. High school graduates of 10-year basic education curriculum are also believed to lack basic competencies and maturity. They cannot legally enter into contracts and are not emotionally mature for entrepreneurship / employment (DepEd, 2010). According to the National Framework Plan for ICTs in Basic Education (2010), the poor performance of students across our country shown in recent national and international achievement tests, and the great number of dropouts both in elementary and secondary levels, pushes the government to add 2 more years in the basic education curriculum or also termed as the K+12 education program. The K+12 program means Kindergarten and the 12 years of elementary and secondary levels. Kindergarten refers to the 5-year old cohort that takes a standardized kinder curriculum. Elementary education refers to primary  schooling that involves six or seven years of education. Secondary education refers to high school (DepEd, 2010). According to the official gazette by the Department of Education (DepED, 2010), the model that is currently being proposed by DepEd is the K-6-4-2 Model. This model involves Kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to 10) and two years of senior high school (Grades 11 to 12). The two years of senior high school intend to provide time for students to consolidate acquired academic skills and competencies. By the time that the issue in K+12 program was once again brought up to public, there has been lots of comments and opinions made by those who agree and disagree about it. The pro-K+12 said that the need for enhancement of the quality of education is urgent and critical and that the congested curriculum only burdens the students by the time they pursue their tertiary level. The government also stated that by adding two more years in our curriculum would increase the GDP growth by 2%. While those who disagree said that the families would have to shell more money for transportation, food and education of their children. Many have also stated that the government does not have the money to spend for another two years in education since it does not have the money to fully support today’s ten years (Cruz, 2010). METHODOLOGY The paper presented elucidates what the K-12 policy is all about, the rationale of formulating it, the target stakeholders and beneficiaries. Further, it tackles also the current situation and the adaptation scenario as it was going to be implemented this coming school year. Various facts, criticisms and assumptions from different reliable sources were asserted in order to substantiate details needed for the best understanding. The presenters wanted to obtain information as to the queries being questioned in the above stated problems in order to have a bird’s eye view to the content and specifications of the said policy. Since the policy is soon to be implemented, the discussion presented is more on the assessment of the provisions and guidelines stipulated in the educational reform in relation to the affected stakeholders. The come up of the following options were based from the personal assessments from the presenters out from the ideas and thorough discussions gained from the varied reliable sources. Further, some contents of this part contain documentation of issues and problems base from the current news and information cited from different reliable sources. Moreover, the views and opinions of the presenters do not necessarily reflect the contents or discussion of the neither class nor stand point of the subject instructor, thus all the generated opinions are purely coming from the presenters. 1. Eradicate and impede the implementation of the policy. Constraints and limitations are highly contradicting the concerned K-12 policy, not to mention the unwillingness to embrace the pro’s and con’s brought by this. 2. Suspend the realization of the policy and reschedule for the next succeeding years. Government and direct implementing agency are not well prepared for the changes to be incurred. Further trainings and seminars, strengthening of the workforce are hereby in need as well as deep penetration to the students and parents for the better understanding and acceptance. 3. Put into practice the K-12 policy this coming school year. The country needs to improve the standard of the educational system in order to keep in line with the paces the other country is pacing. The long term outcome of the said implementation would serve as a positive outcome that will uplift the morale of the society thus bringing noticeable growth to the citizens specifically and to the country as a whole. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 1st Option: Eradicate and impede the implementation of the policy. It is remarkable and inspiring to see that Philippines is now progressing economically and as such, to sustain and possibly prolong this stream, targeting the Education sector of the country is a must. But, unpreparedness, poor educational participation and development will surely yield to negative outcomes. The biggest issues the K-12 Education System must address are its requirement educational inputs and processes. If these are not given solution, the K-12 Education System policy is already ruined from the very start. In view of Sarah Katrina Maramag’s idea, â€Å"the crisis of the Philippine education system, in all levels, is stemmed not on the superficial, in this case the number of schooling years, but rather on the conditions and foundation on which it subsists. Unless the government addresses in earnest poor public spending, high costs of schooling, the predominance of a colonial curriculum, lack of transparency and accountability amid widespread corruption within the sector and the development of the country’s science and technology for domestic development, all efforts will remain on the surface and neither 10 nor 12 years would make much of difference. † To relate with the statement of President PNOY â€Å"to achieve something out of this move to K-12, we need to have a realistic set of plans† and reality check, the plan doesn’t coincide as to the current situation. Though implementing K-12 would be possible, these paradigm changes would be harder for the public system for them to cope up with the rapid changes. Why? Let us settle to the article of Junifen F. Gauuan, firstly, the budget for the education sector of the Philippines is, compared to other Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs), relatively low (for example, difference of almost 5% GDP with Malaysia and Brunei – 3. 1% GDP Philippines). Secondly, the infrastructure of the state schools are not conducive enough to admit more students (picture students taking double-shifted school time i.e. 7am-1pm + 1pm-7pm – is that good for students to not meet in a one-off-one-time schedule? OR even cram 50 students in one class? ). To correlate demand and supply, more demand = more supply. With the current shortage of teachers, as claimed by ACT (Alliance of Concerned Teachers) there is no capacity for the public system to admit more students, even more to prolong the year of study. Finally, financial constraints, millions of people in the Philippines (to be exact 23 million under the Asia-Pacific poverty line) are still living below the poverty line. Are those parents belonging to that line can really afford another 2 years extra in education? Ideally, the long term goal which can be brought by the policy is good, but reality wise, the road in reaching the target is under construction, not yet completed thus so far behind. 2nd Option: Suspend the realization of the policy and reschedule for the next succeeding years. It is the belief of some educators that the K+10 Education System failed because it lacked 2 more years of study. We can consider that as one reason. But to the idea of the presenters, the bigger reason why K+10 Education System failed is because of poor educational resources such as classrooms, lack of teachers, facilities and equipment in short budget. Now, though greater budget is allocated to the reform of the educational system in the country but unfortunately what hinders most is the present situation of the affected stakeholders such as parents, students and teachers not to mention the unavailability and lacking of the educational resources. There is a need of empowerment to the part of the teaching force since it is a great change which requires greater understanding and preparation. It can’t be denied the fact that the country has great teachers worth to be proud of, but with the change of educational pattern which they will experience, a further training and seminar is indeed a need for them to be fully equipped. Aside from that, the acceptance of pursuing the reformed educational system must have to start from them since they are considered to be the initial medium that will mediate and enlighten the process of the changes both to the students and the parents. To the part of the parents, it would be a sudden change that will greatly affect their economic standing in terms of the added financial obligations added also the uncertainties and queries about the changes wherein not all of them are aware. Further enrichment for them to have a better understanding about the policy is a must and it will surely take some time. It is a considerable way to enlighten the parents since they are the first in hand who can motivate and guide their children. To the implementing agency, the country cannot attempt a trial and error outcome out of this policy. They must have to consider this not an experimental thing to be tested and evaluated. Beforehand, all of the possible consequences and preparations to counter any of those must be well handled and planned already. An evaluation of the educational resources, a budget plan for the teaching force – a long term plan of all of these including the construction of some additional facilities and equipment must be comprehended. To the part of the presenters, they assumed that those implementing agency are not well interacted to the possible instances that may come up and the way to respond in case any unhanding occurrences will arise. As will as the parents and students, together with the current situation of the country connotes unpreparedness for the implementation of the policy. Pursuing the policy without having some intervention with the direct stakeholders and considering the factors affecting the outcome of the policy would obstruct sustainability. 3rd Option: Put into practice the K-12 policy this coming school year. The government is in to it, the policy was recommended to be implemented, government agencies relating to the educational reform took already an action and somewhat due to the media interaction the society can be said as informed about it. The vision is to uplift the educational standards of the country, the mission is to implement procedures and processes provided in the policy, regardless of all the comments and criticisms since government already spent money for it, then like it or like it very much it should be implemented. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. Initially, the DepEd justifies the K-12 model by saying that the present short basic education program affects the human development of Filipino students. Ultimately, regardless of whichever â€Å"model†, what the youth and country direly needs is for the development and establishment of an education system that caters to the needs of the Filipino youth and the society in general. Unfortunately, data shows the current situation that the country is facing in terms of the educational system that might obstruct the implementation of the said policy. But then, the policy is soon to be implemented this coming school year. To make a recommendation as to the presented options is a mind boggling duty that the presenters could ever come up. But just to satisfy the means of having this paper the end is, the presenters chose the second option, 2nd Option: Suspend the realization of the policy and reschedule for the next succeeding years. The presenters select option two as the best option not due to the fact that the Philippines is the last country in the region to adopt a K-12 basic educations system because it is not all about the trending basis but checking in accordance to the â€Å"reality†. During the assessment done by the prestigious organization Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), they conclude that the problem about the present curriculum in squeezing 12 years of basic education into just 10 is that students are overloaded with subjects which resulted to poor quality of basic education as reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino students. International tests results like 2003 TIMSS rank the Philippines 34th out of 38 countries in HS II Math and 43rd out of 46 countries in HS II Science; for grade 4, the Philippines ranked 23rd out of 25 participating countries in both Math and Science. In 2008, even with only the science high schools participating in the Advanced Mathematics category, the Philippines was ranked lowest. This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. It is not the question of teaching force because internationally we can say that the country is equipped of well trained educators capable enough for the learning needed by the students in our country. In fact, teachers in our country are highly demanded and most preferred to be hired and work in other country. But it is the matter of the educational system that we have which is designed to teach a 12-year curriculum, yet it is delivered in just 10 years. Though some criticizing it as a way only to realigned as to what is the trending educational system to must have, then why not follow it if it will sustain the development of the educational system of our country and there is nothing wrong with it. As to the question of the consequences that will be brought by the policy, surely there will be many of those and it’s a part of the changes. Better because the government exists to uplift the standard of education in the country and not just sitting down to their respective offices and waiting what will happen to the future of the students experiencing the current system. The policy exist with provisions of program to be administered for the sustainability of it, thus to relate it with economic hindrances it should be another story that is worth to be reflected and should not serve as a hindrance for the development of one system in our country (education). To reach the development wherein the citizens are wanting, admitting the fact that it couldn’t be happening simultaneously is the first step. But, out of the advantages that can be given by the policy, what is now to be considered as constraint is the time. There is a need to develop to the part of the teaching force, the facilities and the equipments the country presently have, further evaluation and thorough analysis as to the whatever outcome that can be brought by it. Implementing programs that will lead to the positive realization of the policy and usage of media is a help to penetrate the minds of the parents and making them realized the long term output that the policy can give by. In short, a more prepared country is in need for the advancement to incur in the educational system. REFERENCES PDF files: Batomalaque, Antonio. Basic Science Development Program of the Philippines for International Cooperation. University of San Carlos. ; Marinas, Bella and Ditapat, Maria. Philippines: Curriculum and Development. UNESCO International Bureau of Education International Engineering Alliance. The Washington Accord. http://www. washingtonaccord. org/Washington- Accord/FAQ. cfm (Accessed 11 September 2010) Mullis, I. V. S. , Martin, M. O. , Robitaille, D. F. , & Foy, P. (2009). Chestnut Hill, MA. Trends in International Mathematics and Science Advanced 2008. National Center for Education Statistics. Highlights from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2003. December 2004 Seamo-Innotech. Additional Years in Philippine Basic Education: Rationale and Legal Bases. Presentation to the Department of Education on 25 August 2010. Presentation notes of Dr. Isagani Cruz, 28 September 2010. Articles/ Journals: Jane Uymatiao. Why we need DepEd’s K-12 Program, Sunday, 22 January 2012. Retrived from http://www. thepoc. net/commentaries/14612-why-we-need-depeds-k-12-program. html (Accessed 15 March 2012) Joe Padre. Pros & Cons in the K+12 Basic Education Debate, October 14, 2010. Retrived from http://mlephil. wordpress. com/2010/10/14/pros-cons-of-the-k12-debate/ (Accesed 14 March 2012) Jonathan Plucker. Problems as Possibilities: Problem – based  learningforK-12education. Retrievedfrom http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_hb6470/is_1_22/ai_n28742235/ (Accessed 11 March 2012) Junifen F. Gauuan. K+12 Policy Framework: Pessimistic, Optimistic or Realistic? , March 26, 2011. Retrieved from http://www. aldersgate-college. com/news/high-school/k12-policy-framework-pessimistic-optimistic-or-realistic/ (Accessed 6 March 2012) K-12 Challenge to Philippine Tertiary Education. Retrieved from http://rodrigo75. wordpress. com/2011/04/19/k-12-challenge-to-philippine-tertiary-education/ (Accessed 29 March 2012). Sarah Katrina Maramag. Proposed K12 Basic Education System in the Philippines, Is the K-12 model good for the Philippine Education System? , via Philippine Online Chronicles. Retrived from http://blogwatch. tv/2011/05/proposed-k-12-basic-education-system-in-the-philippines/ (Accessed 10 March 2012) Virnads. K12 in the Philippines: A Reform or Deform. Manila Philippines, June 13, 2011. Retrieved from http://www. allvoices. com/contributed-news/9379822-k12-in-the-philippines-a-reform-or-deform (Accessed 12 March 2012).